Rotation and magnetic axes
The cyan axis is the rotation axis. The violet axis is the idealized dipole magnetic axis, tilted by α. The field and emission cones corotate. The orange line is a distant observer at inclination ζ.
GEOMETRY OF A COSMIC CLOCK
A pulsar is a rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron star. Its radiation is concentrated into beams associated with the magnetic poles. A pulse arrives when a beam sweeps across our line of sight.
Derived values use standard vacuum magnetic-dipole estimates with I = 10³⁸ kg·m². They are useful diagnostics, not complete magnetosphere solutions.
ONE BEAM INTERSECTS THE OBSERVER
WHAT THE MODEL MEANS
The cyan axis is the rotation axis. The violet axis is the idealized dipole magnetic axis, tilted by α. The field and emission cones corotate. The orange line is a distant observer at inclination ζ.
The transparent cylinder marks RLC = cP/2π, where rigid corotation would reach light speed. Its displayed radius is visually compressed; the numeric value is physical.
Real pulsar magnetospheres are plasma-filled, time-dependent, and not pure vacuum dipoles. Beam shapes, radio-emission altitude, field sweepback, general relativity, glitches, and multipolar fields are omitted here.